LOCKE ON PROPERTY 
Section:
(25)

The right to life includes a right to adequate food, water. In its "natural state" everything non-human is COMMON.
(30) Today, the oceans and air and some forests are commons. 
(27)  Only LABOR can move something from common to private property. 
 (33)(36) LIMITATION: Privatization is limited by NEEDS. We must leave ENOUGH, and AS GOOD, to those who need it. 
(31)  Waste is the limit of privatization.
(37)  Spoilage & destruction are criteria that privatization has been immoral.
(38) Wasted & unmaintained property revert to the commons,

RESULT: Any reduction of the commons which deprives others of an equal share is immoral.

SYNTHESIS OF THESE IDEAS:

If a person has a right to resources (provided the person will "labor"), and the community limits access to the commons, then the community is violating the person's basic rights.  (It does not matter whether this takes place through waste, immoral privatization of excess amounts of the commons, or through other destruction, such as pollution).

Extension to modern world:

In a world of 6.5 billion, we pursue many policies that degrade the value of the commons. (For example, over-harvesting the oceans, polluting the air, polluting the oceans, destroying forests without replacing them.) All of these policies are immoral.

 

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©Theodore Gracyk 2006 Last updated Nov. 16, 2006