Distant Objects, the Earth and Sun, and the Earth and Moon

How big is the universe?

How big is our galaxy?

 Units of Measure
 
 - light years

 - AU’s

How do we measure the distance to objects in space?

closer than 500 light years - Paralax Method

 - trigonometry

 - d = 3.23/p
 

How do we determine the distance to very distant objects?

- average luminosity of pulsating stars - cepheid variables

The Sun & Earth

distance = 1 AU  - optimum distance for liquid water

 fusion reaction

Magnetic field
Solar weather

Sun Spots and Solar Flares

solar winds

The magnetic field

 why is having a magnetic field a good thing

Solar Radiation

Why is it colder in the winter and warmer in summer?

 aphelion & perihelion

 tilt of the axis

insolation

Seasons

tilt and insolation

 duration of daylight