Sentence Complexity and Embedding

Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles

Activity 12.10: Answers

Exercise 1: Read the sentences below and mark ungrammatical sentences with an asterisk.  Explain what is wrong with them.

1. The graduate student marking the papers made a mistake.
2. *The graduate student marked the papers made a mistake.
3. The papers marked by the graduate student contained errors.
4. *The papers marking by the graduate student contained errors.
5. The student incensed at the result lodged a protest.
6. *The student incensing at the result lodged a protest.
7. The students receiving the grades became unhappy.
8. *The students received the results became unhappy.

Exercise 2: What is the difference in meaning between the –ing form and the –en form in a participle phrase?

The –ing form has an active meaning, and the –ed form has a passive meaning

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