Derek Abrahams
Hist 590
Lesson Plan #1
The changing role of Individualism in the Colonies and how that led to a new nation
Target Group
- Grades 10-12 – targeted towards upper level or AP US History. Could be modified for lower level learners
Objectives
- To see how changing roles of individuals led the colonies towards the political development of the nation
- Evaluate the contributions of Puritanism, the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment and their contribution to the country as it developed
- Teach students how to reach primary sources as well as use them to form an opinion
Lesson Overview
- This lesson is designed to take about 3-4 days plus time to write the assignment and has three major parts
- The first part consists of identifying and understanding the impact of Puritanism, the Great Awakening, and the Enlightenment
- The second part is a group activity looking at primary sources
- The third part is taking on the role of someone from the time period
- Go through power point presentation on Puritans, Great Awakening and Enlightenment
- Break class up into groups of 3 (or you could do it individually)
- Give them the following primary sources on Puritanism as well as one cartoon for the Great Awakening
- #1 – Cotton Mather
- #2 – excerpts from early advice book
- #3 – family ties
- #4 - Samuel Parris
- #5 - The Mayflower Compact
- #6 - Whitfield Cartoon – Great Awakening
- Have students use the following questions to guide them as the read through the different primary sources – these should be added to their notes for their final assignment (student handout #1)
- What is the concept of God
- What is the individual’s reason for existence
- What is the individual’s relationship to the church
- What is the need for education
- What is the individual’s role in government
- What is the individual’s responsibility for improving society
- Groups will go to media center to gather information for the Great Awakening and Enlightenment
- Use questions above to guide them
- Must include at least one primary source from each
- Model after what was provided for them for the Puritans
Part III
- Puritan farmer in Massachusetts in 1640
- A Baptist living in Rhode Island in 1740
- Scholar of the Enlightenment at William and Mary university in Virginia in 1765
- Outline how that person would answer the questions used above. Refer to research and notes from class for information
- Describe how your person would believe their beliefs helped contribute to the political development of the nation.
Assessment
- Participation in groups
- Resources found during research
- Summarizing paragraph including:
- Answers to above questions
- Insight on how each group contributed to political development of the nation
Student Handout #1 – Research Questions
Directions: Use the following questions to guide your research. You many not be able to use all of the questions for all of the resources, but answer as many as possible. These should be used for the resources given in class as well as those you find on your own.
- What is the concept of God?
- What is the individual’s reason for existence?
- What is the individual’s relationship to the church?
- What is the need for education?
- What is the individual’s role in government?
- What is the individual’s responsibility for improving society?
Student Handout #2 – Directions for Paper
- Puritan farmer in Massachusetts in 1640
- A Baptist living in Rhode Island in 1740
- Scholar of the Enlightenment at William and Mary university in Virginia in 1765
2. Using the questions from handout #1,
outline how your person would answer the questions. Use as many questions as applicable.
3. Write a concluding paragraph describing how
you feel your person contributed to the eventual political development of the
United States.
The Mayflower Compact
IN The Name
of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread
Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and
Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory
of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honor of our King and
Country, a Voyage to plant the first colony in the northern Parts of Virginia;
Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one
another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick,
for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends
aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and
equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Offices, from time to time, as
shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony;
unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. In WITNESS whereof we
have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the
Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James of England, France, and Ireland, the
eighteenth and of Scotland, the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620.
John Carver Edward Tilley Degory Priest William Bradford John Tilley Thomas Williams Edward Winslow Francis Cooke Gilbert Winslow William Brewster Thomas Rogers Edmund Margeson Issac Allerton Thomas Tinker Peter Browne Myles Standish John Rigdale Richard Britteridge John Alden Edward Fuller Georoe Soule Samuel Fuller John Turner Richard Clarke Christopher Martin Francis Eaton Richard Gardiner William Mullins James Chilton John Allerton William White John Crackston Thomas English Richard Warren John Billington Edward Dotey John Howland Moses Fletcher Edward Leister Stephen Hopkins John Goodman
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Cotton Mather on the Education of His Children Mather, Cotton 1706 Some Special Points, relating to the Education of my Children I. I pour out continual Prayers and Cries to the God of all Grace for them, that He will be a Father to my Children, and bestow His Christ and His Grace upon them, and guide them with His Councils, and bring them to His Glory. And in this Action, I mention them distinctly, every one by Name unto the Lord. II. I begin betimes to entertain them with delightful Stories, especially scriptural ones. And still conclude with some Lesson of Piety; bidding them to learn that Lesson from the Story. And thus, every Day at the Table, I have used myself to tell a Story before I rise; and make the Story useful to the Olive Plants about the Table. III. When the Children at any time accidentally come in my way, it is my custome to lett fall some Sentence or other, that may be monitory and profitable to them. This Matter proves to me, a Matter of some Study, and Labour, and Contrivance. But who can tell, what may be the Effect of a continual Dropping? IV. I essay betimes, to engage the Children, in Exercises of Piety; and especially secret [silent] Prayer, for which I give them very plain and brief Directions, and suggest unto them the Petitions, which I would have them to make before the Lord, and which I therefore explain to their Apprehension and Capacity. And I often call upon them; Child, Don't you forgett every Day, to go alone, and pray as I have directed you! V. Betimes I try to form in the Children a Temper of Benignity. I put them upon doing of Services and Kindnesses for one another, and for other Children. I applaud them, when I see them Delight in it. I upbraid all Aversion to it. I caution them exquisitely against all Revenges of Injuries. I instruct them, to return good Offices for evil Ones. I show them, how they will by this Goodness become like to the Good GOD, and His Glorious CHRIST. I lett them discern, that I am not satisfied, except when they have a Sweetness of Temper shining in them. VI. As soon as tis possible, I make the Children learn to write. And when they can write, I employ them in Writing out the most agreeable and profitable Things, that I can invent for them. In this way, I propose to fraight their minds with excellent Things, and have a deep Impression made upon their Minds by such Things. VII. I mightily endeavour it, that the Children may betimes, be acted by Principles of Reason and Honour. I first begett in them an high Opinion of their Father's Love to them, and of his being best able to judge, what shall be good for them. Then I make them sensible, tis a Folly for them to pretend unto any Witt and Will of their own; they must resign all to me, who will be sure to do what is best; my word must be their Law. I cause them to understand, that it is an hurtful and a shameful thing to do amiss. I aggravate this, on all Occasions; and lett them see how amiable they will render themselves by well doing. The first Chastisement, which I inflict for an ordinary Fault, is, to lett the Child see and hear me in an Astonishment, and hardly able to beleeve that the Child could do so base a Thing, but beleeving that they will never do it again. I would never come, to give a child a Blow; except in Case of Obstinacy; or some gross Enormity. To be chased for a while out of my Presence, I would make to be look'd upon, as the sorest Punishment in the Family. I would by all possible Insinuations gain this Point upon them, that for them to learn all the brave Things in the world, is the bravest Thing in the world. I am not fond of proposing Play to them, as a Reward of any diligent application to learn what is good; lest they should think Diversion to be a better and a nobler Thing than Diligence. I would have them come to propound and expect, at this rate, I have done well, and now I will go to my Father; He will teach me some curious Thing for it. I must have them count it a Priviledge, to be taught; and I sometimes manage the Matter so, that my Refusing to teach them Something, is their Punishment.
The slavish way of Education, carried on with raving and kicking and scourging (in Schools as well as Families,) tis abominable; and a dreadful Judgment of God upon the World. VIII. Tho' I find it a marvellous Advantage to have the Children strongly biased by Principles of Reason and Honour, (which, I find, Children will feel sooner than is commonly thought for:) yett I would neglect no Endeavours, to have higher Principles infused into them. I therefore betimes awe them with the Eye of God upon them. I show them, how they must love JESUS CHRIST; and show it, by doing what their Parents require of them. I often tell them of the good Angels, who love them, and help them, and guard them; and who take Notice of them: and therefore must not be disobliged. Heaven and Hell, I sett before them, as the Consequences of their Behaviour here. IX. When the Children are capable of it, I take them alone, one by one; and after my Charges unto them, to fear God, and serve Christ, and shun Sin, I pray with them in my Study and make them the Witnesses of the Agonies, with which I address the Throne of Grace on their behalf. X. I find much Benefit, by a particular Method, as of Catechising the Children, so of carrying the Repetition of the public Sermons unto them. The Answers of the Catechism I still explain with abundance of brief Quaestions, which make them to take in the Meaning of it, and I see, that they do so. And when the Sermons are to be Repeated, I chuse to putt every Trust, into a Quaestion, to be answered still, with Yes, or, No. In this way I awaken their Attention, as well as enlighten their Understanding. And in this way I have an Opportunity, to ask, Do you desire such, or such a Grace of God? and the like. Yea, I have an Opportunity to demand, and perhaps, to obtain their Consent unto the glorious Articles of the New Covenant. The Spirit of Grace may fall upon them in this Action; and they may be seiz'd by Him, and Held as His Temples, thro' eternal Ages. Credits: Worthington Chauncy Ford, ed., Diary of Cotton Mather, 1681-1724, Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Seventh Series (Boston, 1911-1912), vol. 1, pp. 534-537.
Excerpts from an Early Advice Book: How Puritans . . 1641 The Body of Liberties of 1641 The Liberties of the Massachusets Collonie in New England, 1641 Liberties of Women 79. If any man at his death shall not leave his wife a competent portion of his estate, upon just complaint made to the Generall Court she shall be relieved. 80. Everie marryed woeman shall be free from bodilie correction or stripes by her husband, unlesse it be in his owne defence upon her assalt. If there be any just cause of correction complaint shall be made to Authoritie assembled in some Court, from which onely she shall receive it. Liberties of Children 81. When parents dye intestate, the Elder sonne shall have a doble portion of his whole estate reall and personall, unlesse the General Court upon just cause alleadged shall judge otherwise. 82. When parents dye intestate haveing noe heires males of their bodies their Daughters shall inherit as Copartners, unles the Generall Court upon just reason shall judge otherwise. 83. If any parents shall wilfullie and unreasonably deny any childe timely or convenient mariage, or shall exercise any unnaturall severitie towards them, such childeren shall have free libertie to complaine to Authoritie for redresse. . . . 94. Capitall Laws Deut. 13. 6, 10. Deut. 17. 2, 6. Ex. 22. 20. 1. If any man after legall conviction shall have or worship any other god, but the lord god, he shall be put to death. Ex. 22. 18. Lev. 20. 27. Dut. 18. 10. 2. If any man or woeman be a witch, (that is hath or consulteth with a familiar spirit,) They shall be put to death. . . . Lev. 20. 15, 16. 7. If any man or woeman shall lye with any beaste or bruite creature by Carnall Copulation, They shall surely be put to death. And the beast shall be slaine, and buried and not eaten. Lev. 20. 13. 8. If any man lyeth with mankinde as he lyeth with a woeman, both of them have committed abhomination, they both shall surely be put to death. Lev. 20. 19 and 18. 20. Dut. 22. 23, 24. 9. If any person committeth Adultery with a maried or espoused wife, the Adulterer and Adulteresse shall surely be put to death. Credits: The Body of Liberties of 1641, in Edwin Powers, Crime and Punishment in Early Massachusetts, 1620-1692 (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966), Appendix A.
Family Ties: A Puritan Woman's Advice on Dealing . . . Saltonstall, Elizabeth 1688 Dec. 6, [16]88 Loving Daughter, I have sent by Marten Ford your [bro]thers stockings. Pray lett them be well dried before they wear them and do them that evidence that they have wore them a while to line them. I would have done it [but] I could not gett them dry time enough. I have sent lineing and yarn [wi]th the stockings. I have allso sent you sope when you want more [torn] yarn and we will indeavour to get it some for you though it was [not] without some trouble that we get this done. Your father was [forced?] to make two journeys to the hous before we could get it. . . . Your Father, Grand and Myselfe [present?] hearty love to my Son with your selfe with humble and . . . for his great care and pains with the children . . . give them wisdome to improve such an oppertunity. [Pray] present my Service to your good Grandmother with whome . . . maintaine good corrispondence deny your selfe verry far to please her Consider her relation age goodnesse all call for honnour and respect from you her weaknesse of body and the infirmities of old age call for patience and pitty from you consider if you should live to be old you may stand in need of the same from others, it is certainly your [du]ty next to pleasing God and your husband to indeavour to plese. . . . The Lord give you grace and wisdome to do your duty in the . . . relations he hath set you in rememver my love to your . . . brothers pray be carefull of them . . . respect . . . requires it the more give them [great?] charg they go out upon . . . except verry firme lett me min[d y]ou again to see their stockings . . . uly dry before they were them. Lett their shirts also be [dried?] before they put them on att any time; remember your . . . on and neglect not to write to him and I shall add no more but . . . implore the blessing of God upon you all. Your affectionate mother, Eliz. Saltonstall Credits: Elizabeth and Nathaniel Saltonstall to Elizabeth Saltonstall Denison, December 6, 1688, in Robert Moody, ed., The Saltonstall Papers, 1607-1815 (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1972).
Samuel Parris Sets a Tone Parris, Samuel 1692 Christ Knows How Many Devils There Are (1692) 27 March 1691/92, Sacrament day. Occasioned by dreadful Witchcraft broke out here a few weeks past, and one Member of this Church, and another of Salem, upon public examination by Civil Authority vehemently suspected for shewitches, and upon it committed. John 6:70. "Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a Devil." . . . Doctrine: Our Lord Jesus Christ knows how many Devils there are in his Church, and who they are. 1. There are devils as well as saints in Christ's Church. 2. Christ knows how many of these devils there are. 3. Christ knows who these devils are. Proposition 1: There are devils as well as saints in Christ's church. Here three things may be spoken to: (1) Show you what is meant here by devils; (2) That there are such devils in the church; (3) That there are also true saints in such churches. (1). What is meant here by devils? "One of you is a devil." Answer: By devil is ordinarily meant any wicked angel or spirit. Sometimes it is put for the prince or head of the evil spirits, or fallen angels. Sometimes it is used for vile and wicked persons--the worst of such, who for their villainy and impiety do most resemble devils and wicked spirits. Thus Christ in our text calls Judas a devil: for his great likeness to the devil. "One of you is a devil": i.e., a devil for quality and disposition, not a devil for nature--for he was a man, etc.--but a devil for likeness and operation (John 8:38, 41, 44--"Ye are of your father the devil.") (2). There are such devils in the church. Not only sinners, but notorious sinners; sinners more like to the devil than others. So here in Christ's little Church. (Text.) This also Christ teacheth us in the parable of the tares (Matth. 13:38), where Christ tells us that such are the children of the wicked one--i.e., of the devil. Reason: Because hypocrites are the very worst of men--corruptio optimi est pessimi. Hypocrites are the sons and heirs of the devil, the free-holders of hell--whereas other sinners are but tenants. When Satan repossesseth a soul, he becomes more vile and sinful (Luke 11:24-26). As the jailer lays loads of iron on him that hath escaped. None are worse than those who have been good, and are naught; and might be good, but will be naught. . . . Proposition 2: Christ knows how many of these devils there are in his churches. As in our text there was one among the twelve. And so in our churches God knows how many devils there are: whether one, two, three, or four in twelve--how many devils, how many saints. He that knows whom he has chosen (John 13:18), he also knows who they are that have not chosen him, but prefer farms and merchandise above him and above his ordinances (2 Tim. 4:10). . . . Use 1. Let none then build their hopes of salvation merely upon this: that they are church members. This you and I may be, and yet devils for all that (Matth. 8:11-12--"Many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down, etc. And however we may pass here, a true difference shall be made shortly, etc."). Use 2. Let none then be stumbled at religion, because too often there are devils found among the saints. You see, here was a true church, sincere converts and sound believers; and yet here was a devil among them. Use 3. Terror to hypocrites who profess much love to Christ but indeed are in league with their lusts, which they prefer above Christ. Oh! remember that you are devils in Christ's account. Christ is lightly esteemed of you, and you are vilely accounted for by Christ. Oh! if there be any such among us, forbear to come this day to the Lord's table, lest Satan enter more powerfully into you--lest while the bread be between your teeth, the wrath of the Lord come pouring down upon you (Psalm 78:30-31). . . . Use 5. Examine we ourselves well, what we are--what we church members are. We are either saints or devils: the Scripture gives us no medium. The Apostle tells us we are to examine ourselves (2 Cor. 13:5). Oh! it is a dreadful thing to be a devil, and yet to sit down at the Lord's table (1 Cor. 10:21). Such incur the hottest of God's wrath (as follows--v. 22). Now, if we would not be devils, we must give ourselves wholly up to Christ, and not suffer the predominancy of one lust--and particularly that of covetousness, which is made so light of, and which so sorely prevails in these perilous times. Why, this one lust made Judas a devil (John 12:6, Matth. 26:15). And no doubt it has made more devils than one. For a little pelf [money], men sell Christ to his enemies, and their souls to the devil. But there are certain sins that make us devils; see that we be not such: 1. A liar or murderer (John 8:44) 2. A slanderer or an accuser of the godly 3. A tempter to sin 4. An opposer of godliness, as Elymos (Acts 13:8 etc.) 5. Envious persons as witches 6. A drunkard (I Sam. 1:15-16) 7. A proud person Credits: "Christ Knows How Many Devils There Are," March 27, 1692, in Paul S. Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, Salem Village Witchcraft: A Documentary Record of Local Conflict in Colonial New England (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1972), pp. 129-130.
From: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/us4.cfm Reading 1: Profane no Divine ordinance. Touch no state matters. Urge no healths. Pick no quarrels. Encourage no vice. Repeat no grievances. Reveal no secrets. Maintain no ill opinions. Make no comparisons. Keep no bad company. Make no long meals. Lay no wagers. The twelve good rules of Puritan behavior Reading 2: In Adam's
Fall
We Sinned all. Thy Life
to Mend
This Book Attend. The Cat
doth play
And after flay. A dog
will bite
A Thief at night. The Idle
Fool
Is whipt at school. The New England Primer, 1691Reading 3: Surely there is in all children...a stubbornness and stoutness of mind arising from natural pride, which must, in the first place be broken and beaten down; that so the foundation of their education being laid in humility and tractableness, other virtues may, in their time, be built thereon. For the beating and keeping down of this stubbornness parents must provide carefully...that the children's wills and willfulness be restrained and repressed, and that, in time; lest sooner than they imagine, the tender springs grow to that stiffness, that they will rather break than bow. John RobinsonReading 4: God's
universal law gave to man despotic power
Over his female in due awe. John MiltonReading 5: Some
false principles were these:
1. That a man might sell as dear as he can, and
buy as cheap as he can.
2. If a man lose by casualty of sea in some of this
commodities, he may raise the price of the rest.
3. That he may sell as he
bought, though he paid too dear and though the commodity be fallen.
4. That, as
a man may take the advantage of his own skill and ability, so he may of
another's ignorance or necessity.... John Winthrop, 1649
Reading 6: The God
that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some
loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you and is dreadfully provoked. His
wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else
but to be cast into the fire. Jonathan Edwards, 1734 |
