Sentence Types

In linguistics, syntax is typically defined as the rules of sentence structure or sentence formation.  Basic to the discussion, then, is the unit of language called the sentence. This chapter will focus on the various ways to describe that unit as well as the essential considerations behind each description of sentences in English.  Our beginning point, however, is the definition of the term sentence itself.  Take a moment to think back.  Do you recall ever hearing the definition of a sentence?  What was that definition?

If you’re like most Americans, you learned a definition something like this: a sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.  This definition is frequently presented in elementary and middle school writing classes in order to teach standard writing conventions involving sentence boundaries. This definition will serve as a useful starting point for the discussion here, and we will move on now to a consideration of the different types of sentences that exist.

General Directions: Use the exercises in this activity to work inductively to an understanding of the essence of sentence structure in English.  Students should work in small groups to analyze the example sentences given in one set of examples and to answer the central question in the directions for their exercise.  A jigsaw reorganization of groupings may ask students to explain their findings to students from other groups that have not looked at that set of examples.  Students should verify with their instructors that they have reached the goal of the exercise before reorganizing into new groups.

Activity 3.1:  What types of sentences exist?

(Note: In each exercise, answers are found by clicking on a Solution button which is initially hidden.)

A. Group the following sentences into categories based on similarities.  How many groups are there and what is the defining principle?

Exercise A: Drag similar sentences to align them. Put each type on a separate horizontal line.

B. Group the following sentences into categories based on similarities.  How many groups are there and what is the defining principle?

Exercise B: Group the sentences by dragging them into columns. It doesn't matter where the lists are located on the form, as long as similar types line up vertically and each group is in a separate column. When you have finished, click on the Check button.

C. Group the following sentences into categories based on similarities.  How many groups are there and what is the defining principle?

Exercise C: Group the sentences by dragging them into columns. It doesn't matter where the lists are located on the form, as long as the numbers for similar types line up vertically and each group is in a separate column. (some overlap is allowable) When you have finished, click on the Check button.

Now that you have reviewed all the examples in all the groups and come up with three different defining principles, consider the following question to arrive at a general conclusion:

D. In spite of all the different possible types of sentences, what does every sentence contain?  That is, what is universal to every sentence?

Exercise D: Fill in the blanks, then check solution.

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